2 phase stepper motor driver has three basic stepper motor drive modes: full-step, half-step, and subdivision. The main difference is the accuracy of the motor coil current control (i.e., excitation mode).

Three Basic Drive Modes of 2 Phase Stepper Motor Driver

Whole-step drive: In whole-step operation, the same stepper motor can be equipped with both whole/half-step drive and subdivision drive, but the operating effect is different. 2 phase stepper motor driver pulse / direction command to two-phase stepper motor two coil cycle excitation (that is, coil charging set current), each pulse of this drive will cause the motor to move a basic step angle, that is, 1.80 degrees (standard two-phase motors have a total of 200 step angle of a turn).

Half-step drive: In single-phase excitation, the motor spindle stops at the full-step position, and after the driver receives the next pulse, if it excites the other phase and keeps the original phase in the excitation state, the motor spindle will move half a step angle and stop in the middle of the two adjacent full-step positions. This cycle of single-phase and then dual-phase excitation of the two-phase coil stepper motor will rotate in half steps of 0.90 degrees per pulse. All of the full/half-step drives supplied by HANDELBAUM can perform both full and half-step drives, selected by the dips in the drive's dip switches. Compared to the full-step mode, the half-step mode has the advantage of twice the accuracy and less vibration at low speeds, so the half-step mode is generally used when full/half-step drives are actually used.

Subdivision drive: The subdivision drive mode has two advantages of minimal vibration at low speed and high positioning accuracy. For sometimes low-speed operation (i.e., the motor shaft sometimes works below 60 rpm) or positioning accuracy requirements of less than 0.90 degrees of stepping applications, interpolation type stepper motor drive is widely used. The basic principle is to perform precision current control on the two coils of the motor in sine and cosine steps, respectively, so that the distance of one step angle is divided into several subdivision steps to complete. For example, a sixteen-interpolation drive can make a stepper motor with 200 standard steps per revolution achieve a running accuracy of 200*16=3200 steps per revolution (i.e. 0.1125°).

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